BAsic information description A hardening or narrowing of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to the heart, brain, and other body parts. Atherosclerosis can begin in childhood and progress slowly as people age. In some people, it progresses more rapidly. Up to age 45, it is more common in men. After menopause, women are as equally affected as men are. Atherosclerosis is an underlying medical problem that can lead to: Coronary artery disease. Stroke. ...